WATERPROOF AND BREATHABILITY RATINGS EXPLAINED

If you’re heading to the mountains waterproof gear is essential. Whether you’re playing in the snow, hiking, or climbing, outdoor weather can be unpredictable, especially in the mountains. Waterproof and breathable fabrics will keep you dry and comfortable, which we can all agree is pretty important in outdoor sports.

So, what is waterproofing, and what do the numbers really mean? We give you the lowdown on everything you need to know about waterproofing and breathability.  

Waterproofness Ratings:

• 5,000mm: This is the minimum rating for a jacket to be called rainproof, however, it won’t stand up to much more than a light shower.

• 10,000mm – 15,000mm: A jacket in this range will withstand most downpours as well as heavy snow, but will soak through over time if subjected to pressure, such as crashing in wet snow, kneeling or sitting down, or a heavy pack.

• 20,000mm and Up: This is the rating you should look for if you plan to be out in all conditions carrying a heavy load.

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Breathability Ratings:

• 5,000 – 10,000g/m²: This level of breathability is fine for resort skiing, urban travel or camping in the rain, but will get a bit clammy during high-intensity hiking or climbing.

• 10,000 – 15,000g/m²: Jackets in this range are suited to more adventurous travel or backcountry skiing, but breaking trail through snow or straight uphill might prove too much.

• 15,000 – 20,000g/m² & above: An extended trip to the hills, trekking in warm climates or otherwise working hard and perspiring heavily will require a jacket this breathable.

Not necessarily. The waterproof and breathability ratings you need will depend on the conditions and the activity that you are doing. For instance, if you are mainly a piste skier in dry conditions you can get away with a lower waterproof rating whereas if you are a back-country skier in wet conditions you will need a high waterproof rating so you’re not soaked from snow, and high breathability rating so you are not drenched in sweat.

Generally, a minimum of 5,000mm is good for both skiing and snowboarding in cold but clear conditions, especially if you enjoy taking regular breaks. 5-10,000mm is ideal for those who spend long days out on the mountain, in all weather conditions; while 10-20,000mm is best for those in wetter climates or skiers and snowboarders who prefer backcountry.  

Although fabrics can be fully waterproof, such as rubber and wax, outwear for active sports will usually be varying degrees of water-resistant, as with enough water, wear, and pressure, it will eventually leak. 

It is important active outerwear retains an element of breathability, otherwise, you’ll keep the water out but soon be wet from your own perspiration. As a result, most outwear balances protection with breathability.  

1.  Seam sealing: When clothes are sewn together the needle makes tiny holes, which water could leak through. To stop this from happening the seams are “taped over” with waterproof tape. They can either be fully or critically taped, so all the seams are taped or just the most exposed areas.

2.  DWR: Durable Water Repellent is usually applied to exterior fabrics for extra waterproofing. It may become less effective over time but it is still a useful feature to look for as it provides you with an extra level of protection.

3.  Fabric care: Different membranes have different care instructions. Some membranes like GORE-TEX have easier care instructions, whereas others have more complicated care procedures to maintain the waterproofing.

4.  Brand: There are many kinds of membranes, from GORE-TEX to eVent to brand specific membranes by Marmot, North Face and Mountain Hardwear. These different membranes will be better for different things and have different testing standards. Generally, whilst both are waterproof and breathable GORE-TEX is warmer and easier to care for, whilst eVent is more breathable but will require more reproofing/maintenance. 

Depending on the conditions, activity and personal preference the right waterproof jacket for you will vary.

If you are doing a high aerobic activity, like climbing or running, then you will want something more lightweight and breathable. eVent and Pertex Shield technology are highly recommended for those looking for higher breathability ratings at a fraction of the weight.

If you need a good all-season all-rounder for activities like walking then a softshell will serve you well. Bridging the gap between fleeces and waterproof jackets (or hardshells) softshells offer water resistance, breathability and warmth at a fraction of the wright. Whether you need a lightweight outer layer or a breathable mid-layer softshells are the perfect in-between for your outdoor adventures.

If you are going to be outside in more extreme conditions, for instance, longer and more exposed hikes, then a hardshell with increased waterproof capabilities is your best bet. This will use a 3-layer construction with a durable face fabric that will be very resilient in a wide range of conditions.